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The citadel of Machu Picchu is one of the most important architectural constructions of the Inca Empire, surrounded by a vast tropical forest.
Its name comes from Quechua and means “Old Mountain” (“Machu” meaning “Old” and “Picchu” meaning “Mountain”). Today, the Machu Picchu archaeological site is the main tourist attraction in Peru, making it a must-visit destination.
As one of the most important symbols of the Inca civilization, this ancient citadel has captivated adventurers and history lovers alike. Machu Picchu fascinates travelers from around the world with its natural beauty, Inca engineering, ancient history, and cultural value, becoming one of the most admired destinations.
This Inca citadel is located in the Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru, at 2,430 m a.s.l. (7,972 ft), in the Cusco region. It belongs to the Machu Picchu district, in the province of Urubamba, 112.5 km northeast of the city of Cusco.
Machu Picchu is located high in the Andes of Peru and continues to attract millions of visitors every year. It is known for its impressive stone architecture and breathtaking views of the surrounding jungle.
The citadel of Machu Picchu was built in the mid-15th century, during the reign of the Inca Pachacutec (the main expander of the Inca Empire). The citadel likely served as his residence and a religious center. This important site was abandoned after the arrival of Spanish colonization.
It was rediscovered by Hiram Bingham, historian and professor at Yale University, in 1911 during an expedition. Accompanied by the local farmer Melchor Arteaga, he reached the archaeological site, covered in vegetation, and was amazed by its roads, agricultural terraces, storehouses, and structures.
The Inca citadel was introduced to the world in 1913, becoming an important tourist attraction. On December 9, 1983, it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. On July 7, 2007, it became one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
The Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu is not only of great cultural importance but also boasts remarkable biodiversity in flora and fauna.
Within the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, there is a wide variety of plant life. There are more than 400 different plant species, including orchids, bromeliads, ferns, and angel’s trumpets, among others, as well as native trees such as q’euña, pisonay, and cedar.
The fauna of Machu Picchu is diverse, including mammals such as the spectacled bear, dwarf deer, llamas, and the Andean fox, among others.
Machu Picchu is one of the best places for birdwatching. You can spot the Andean cock-of-the-rock, Peru’s national bird, as well as the Andean condor, green jay, cinnamon flycatcher, and many more.
Ollantaytambo is the closest city to Machu Picchu, located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas. It is a mandatory stop for anyone wishing to visit this archaeological site.
In addition to Ollantaytambo, there is the town of Aguas Calientes, located just 25 minutes by bus from the Inca citadel. It lies at the base of Machu Picchu, along the banks of the Urubamba River.
The climate in the Machu Picchu Citadel is warm, as it is located in the high jungle region of Peru. It has a tropical climate, making it warm and humid during the day and cool at night.
Machu Picchu was built between two geological fault lines, which makes it prone to seismic activity. However, its architecture has withstood major earthquakes. Standing for over 500 years, it proves the site’s remarkable resilience.
Machu Picchu is undoubtedly a masterpiece of hydraulic engineering. The Incas developed an advanced system to transport, store, distribute, and drain water throughout the citadel.
A 749-meter-long canal was built with a 3% slope and 16 fountains, allowing water to be distributed continuously across the citadel.
The Temple of the Sun is the most important sector within the archaeological site, as it pays tribute to the most significant deity of Inca culture. It was built in a circular shape, with windows and niches, and was once decorated with gold and silver.
This important space also served as an astronomical observatory, used to determine seasonal changes and the arrival of solstices.
The Temple of the Three Windows is probably one of the finest architectural works in the entire citadel. This structure features a wall with three trapezoidal windows offering panoramic views of Huayna Picchu and Putucusi mountains. It was an important space where religious and ceremonial rituals were held.
The Intihuatana, which in Quechua means “where the Sun is tied”, served as an astronomical observation tool and calendar. It also played a ceremonial role in religious activities within the city.
Hiring a travel agency to explore the majestic citadel of Machu Picchu is a smart decision for several reasons.
First, agencies have extensive knowledge of the destination and the logistical aspects required to organize a smooth trip. From booking train tickets to coordinating local guides, they take care of everything so travelers can fully enjoy the experience.
Second, agencies offer packages that include transportation, accommodation, and additional activities, simplifying trip planning and saving time and money.
Another key benefit is access to insider information and exclusive experiences. Agencies provide expert guides who offer detailed insights into the history and culture of Machu Picchu, enriching the visit.
Choosing a travel agency to enjoy your visit to Machu Picchu is the best option — and what better choice than CuscoPeru.com.
Plan your one-day excursion to Machu Picchu from Cusco with us today!
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