Birdwatching is an outdoor activity that consists of observing and studying birds in their natural habitat. This hobby is practiced for leisure and focuses on recognizing the different bird species by their plumage, song, colors, and behaviors.
Although birdwatching is considered a leisure activity, it also helps identify possible changes in the natural environment of the observed species, making it possible to detect problems such as habitat destruction or pollution.
If you are just getting started with birdwatching, it is important to have some basic equipment to make your experience in Machu Picchu more enriching:
The location of Machu Picchu makes it possible to find a wide variety of birds. Within the 37,000 hectares of the Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary, almost 420 different bird species have been recorded to date. However, it is not always possible to spot birds with just a visit to the Inca citadel itself. For this reason, it is recommended to take a hiking route, such as the Inca Trail, where observing birds is much easier.
The black-and-chestnut eagle (Spizaetus isidori) is considered one of the most imposing and majestic birds inhabiting the Machu Picchu Sanctuary. This bird of prey has dark plumage with chestnut markings on its chest.
In its habitat, it can usually be seen perched high in the trees in search of prey. Its sharp vision allows it to detect animals from great distances, while its agile flight gives it an undeniable advantage.
The population of this species declined due to indiscriminate hunting. However, it is still possible to spot them in the Machu Picchu natural reserve and occasionally soaring above the Inca citadel.
The black-chested buzzard-eagle (Geranoaetus polyosoma) is easier to spot in the Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary during winter, as it migrates to the area. It can be identified by its mottled brown plumage.
This bird of prey finds Machu Picchu to be an ideal hunting ground. Its keen eyesight allows it to locate rodents and small prey with ease, even through the dense fog of the reserve. Although it is possible to see them flying over the citadel of Machu Picchu, they are more commonly found hunting deeper within the forest.
The Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) is one of Peru’s most iconic birds, regarded as the ruler of the Andes due to its massive size and majestic presence. Its dark plumage and impressive flight made it a national symbol of Peru, as well as an important figure in Andean mythology and history.
These birds inhabit mountainous areas with strong wind currents that allow them to soar effortlessly. With some luck, you may spot an Andean condor flying around the Inca citadel, but sightings are more likely along the higher points of the Inca Trail.
The Masked Fruiteater (Pipreola pulchra) is an endemic bird of the Andes, found in the Vilcabamba mountain range, which also encompasses the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu.
It is a small, plump, green bird. Males usually have an orange bill and a yellow-orange collar, while females are completely green with a dull orange bill. It is commonly found in the middle levels of the humid forest, where fruit trees are abundant, serving as its main source of food.
The Andean Cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruviana) is recognized as the national bird of Peru and is considered one of the most beautiful birds in the world. Its body is covered with black feathers, its wings have a grayish tone, and its most distinctive feature is the head plumage: in males, it is a bright orange, while in females it is a duller orange, leaning more towards brown.
They are considered important seed dispersers of fruit trees, their main source of food, making them a vital part of the Machu Picchu Sanctuary ecosystem. Currently, it is estimated that only about 3,000 individuals remain, which makes their conservation critically important.
The Masked Trogon (Trogon personatus) inhabits the cloud forest of Machu Picchu and plays a key role as a seed disperser, as it feeds on fruits still found on trees. It can often be spotted near Aguas Calientes, the town closest to Machu Picchu.
This bird has black plumage, a red chest, and a black tail with white tips on the feathers. Males have iridescent green head plumage and a black mask around the eyes, while females have a brown head, a black mask, and a distinctive white ring around the eyes.
Andean Cock-of-the-rock
The Andean Motmot (Momotus aequatorialis) inhabits forested areas at the edge of the subtropical zone, such as the Machu Picchu Sanctuary. They are usually found in pairs, although they can also be seen alone, and are sometimes spotted in more frequented areas.
This bird is omnivorous, feeding on small vertebrates such as frogs or lizards, as well as fruits. The Andean Motmot is distinguished by its song, as they often perform duets, combining their calls into a rapid series of notes.
The Andean Guan (Penelope montagnii) is a bird very similar to a domestic hen; however, it is only found in the Andean jungle. Both males and females share the same dark brown plumage with white streaks, along with bluish-gray eye rings.
This bird inhabits cloud forests and humid woodlands, spending most of its time in small groups among the trees, where it feeds on ants, fruits, and wild berries. Its population has been slightly affected by deforestation and hunting.
The Green-and-white Hummingbird (Elliotomyia viridicauda) is an endemic species of the Peruvian Andes, found in tropical, humid, and forested regions. In Peru, it ranges from Huánuco to Cusco, specifically within the Machu Picchu Sanctuary. These hummingbirds are sedentary, feeding mainly on nectar from flowers and shrubs, as well as on small insects.
The Collared Inca (Coeligena torquata) can be found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. They typically inhabit temperate and cloud forests such as those in the Machu Picchu Sanctuary. Their diet consists of flower nectar along with small insects.
These birds undergo a molting process that marks their passage into adulthood. Males are black or greenish-black, with a striking blue crown on their heads and a white chest. Females, on the other hand, have golden tones on their heads and lack the crown.
Collared Inca Hummingbird
The Blue-and-Yellow Tanager (Thraupis bonariensis) is a species that can be observed in the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu. Its plumage differs between males and females: males display a bright blue on the head and back, contrasted with a striking yellow belly, while females show the same colors but in a more subdued tone.
Its diet consists mainly of fruits, insects, and seeds, which contributes to seed dispersal and pest control in its natural habitat, helping to maintain both insect population balance and vegetation regeneration. They are commonly sighted in areas of dense vegetation.
The Spotted Tanager (Tangara varia) is one of the most colorful and fascinating birds found in the surroundings of Machu Picchu, Peru. Its plumage is a true spectacle of colors, ranging from bright green to blue, sprinkled with black spots, making it easily identifiable and highly attractive to birdwatchers.
Regarding its diet, the Spotted Tanager feeds on a varied range of fruits, nectar, and small insects, thus contributing to both pest control and the pollination of various plants. This diverse diet plays a crucial role in maintaining the biodiversity of the Andean ecosystem.
Parodi’s Hemispingus (Kleinothraupis parodii) is an endemic bird of the Peruvian Andean forests, including the areas surrounding Machu Picchu. Its plumage is discreet yet elegant, with shades of gray and olive green, and a distinctive black band around the eyes that gives it a masked appearance.
Its diet mainly consists of insects and small fruits, making it a key ally in pest control and seed dispersal. This varied diet is essential for maintaining biodiversity and the health of mountain ecosystems.
The Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanager (Anisognathus igniventris) is a true avian jewel found in the surroundings of Machu Picchu. Its plumage is stunning, with a brilliant blue back and a vibrant scarlet belly, creating a striking contrast that makes this bird an unmistakable visual spectacle.
This tanager’s diet includes mainly fruits, insects, and nectar, which makes it an important seed disperser and pollinator in its mountain habitat. By consuming a wide variety of food, it helps maintain the ecological balance and overall health of the Andean forests.
The Golden-collared Tanager (Iridosornis jelskii) is one of the most striking birds inhabiting the surroundings of Machu Picchu, Peru. Its plumage is a show of vivid colors, featuring a bright blue back and a distinctive yellow collar across the throat, which contrasts beautifully with its grayish chest and olive-green details.
This tanager feeds primarily on fruits, insects, and nectar, playing a crucial role in seed dispersal and the pollination of various plants.
Within the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, there are several key spots for birdwatching. These not only offer greater opportunities to observe bird species but also allow you to capture better photos.
The Sun Gate is one of the main birdwatching spots. From here, you can enjoy a panoramic view of the Inca citadel of Machu Picchu and its surroundings. However, access to Intipunku is only available during the high season (June–October), and tickets must be booked at least three months in advance.
Huayna Picchu, the iconic peak that appears in the classic postcard photo of Machu Picchu, is another favorite for birdwatchers. Along the trail to the summit, you’ll be surrounded by lush vegetation. Access is limited to a small number of visitors, allowing you to take your time and fully enjoy birdwatching.
Machu Picchu Mountain is larger than Huayna Picchu, which makes it home to a greater variety of birds throughout the hike. However, since the path is wider, bird sightings may be less frequent. It is recommended to start the hike as early as possible to increase your chances of seeing birds.
The Inca Trail is by far the best place for birdwatching. Along its route, you’ll encounter a diversity of altitudes, climates, and vegetation, creating ideal habitats for many species. Out of the 400 bird species found in the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, around 200 can be spotted along the Inca Trail alone.
When photographing birds in Machu Picchu, keep these essential tips in mind:
The best time for birdwatching and photography in Machu Picchu is at sunrise during the dry season. With fewer chances of rain, birds leave their shelters earlier, making them easier to spot.
Familiarize yourself with your camera and gear. Knowing both their strengths and limitations will help you make the most of your equipment and avoid missing an incredible shot.
No. Tripods of any kind are prohibited in the Inca citadel.
Yes, binoculars are allowed and can be extremely useful for spotting birds. While carrying them may be a bit inconvenient, they will greatly enhance your birdwatching and photography experience.
Happy passengers
