The journey begins long before boarding the train or bus. It starts with a decision: to gift yourself an experience that is as physical as it is emotional. For those coming from cities at sea level, the change in altitude is an important factor. Cusco sits at 3,339 meters above sea level, and although Machu Picchu descends to 2,430, the body needs preparation.
Sleeping well in the days prior; avoiding heavy meals, alcohol, or cigarettes; and staying consistently hydrated are part of the self-care one offers oneself. Some travelers choose to take SorojchiPills an hour before landing in Cusco (after consulting a doctor, of course) as a preventive measure against altitude sickness. Because, after all, acclimating and adapting to the environment is also a form of wisdom.
Cusco Altitude: 3,339 meters above sea level
Suggested Acclimatization Time: 24 to 48 hours
Recommended Prevention: SorojchiPills or coca tea (consult a doctor)
Avoid: alcohol, tobacco, high-fat foods
When the plane touches down in Cusco, a gentle transition begins. The air feels lighter, but also clearer. You’re welcomed with a private, unhurried transfer—like someone accompanying you home. No rushing, no loud voices, no urgency. Everything is arranged for rest.
The hotel is more than just accommodation: it’s a refuge for adaptation. That first day is solely for acclimatization. Drink water, enjoy a cup of coca tea, eat something warm, look out the window, and listen to the city without needing to explore it. The body, wise, asks for pause—and we honor it.
Check-in: at a central hotel or in the Sacred Valley (a lower-altitude option)
Recommended Diet: high in carbohydrates (purees, cereals, soft fruits)
Suggested Hydration: at least 2 liters of fluids per day
La segunda mañana despierta con una promesa: el inicio del camino hacia Machu Picchu. El tren Vistadome, con sus grandes ventanales, permite que el paisaje andino no solo se vea, sino que se sienta. El río serpentea al costado como un compañero de ruta, las montañas aparecen y desaparecen entre neblinas, los pueblos pequeños saludan en silencio.
Solo basta con mirar pues no hace falta entenderlo todo. A veces. El tren avanza como un pensamiento largo, y tú viajas dentro de él como quien recuerda un sueño que aún está por vivirse.
Aguas Calientes te recibe con tibieza. El hotel espera. Se respira humedad, vegetación, y un murmullo constante del río. Aquí no hay visitas rápidas ni agendas llenas. Solo una tarde libre para caminar un poco, dejarse sorprender por una flor que no conocías, o simplemente tomar una siesta con el sonido del agua de fondo.
Duración aproximada de viaje: Tren Vistadome 3 h 30 min (desde Cusco vía Ollantaytambo)
Altitud de Aguas Calientes: 2,040 m.s.n.m.
Actividad física sugerida: paseo leve, caminatas sin pendiente
Descanso recomendado: siesta en hotel, hidratación constante
The next morning, the world awakens differently. The ascent to Machu Picchu is by bus, and through the window, the jungle peeks between the curves. The guide walks at your pace, speaks softly, and observes before explaining. There’s no rush. There is respect.
Inside the sanctuary, the experience feels more intimate than monumental. There are places to sit, to breathe, to watch the mist rise and vanish. Sometimes, you don’t need to move. Just be. And let the place do its work.
If at any moment you need assistance, oxygen is available. But often, all you need is a pause. Machu Picchu is not a place to rush—it’s a space to be. And in that silence—full of history, stone, and sky—something reveals itself without words.
Machu Picchu Altitude: 2,430 meters above sea level
Terrain Type: Subtropical Andean, with irregular and humid sections
Climate: Humid temperate, with frequent changes
Bus Ascent: 30 minutes from Aguas Calientes
Average Visit Duration: 2 to 2.5 hours (with frequent pauses)
Difficulty: Low to moderate, depending on the chosen route (bridges, stairways)
Rest Areas: Available at strategic points within the complex
Support: Portable oxygen available with prior coordination
On the fourth day, the train returns—but the landscape has changed. Or maybe it was you. What you saw, what you felt, what you understood—all travels with you. Upon arriving in Cusco, there are no mandatory itineraries. You can visit the San Pedro market to see the vibrant colors of fresh fruits and diverse crafts; you can sit at a café facing the plaza, or stay at the hotel simply enjoying the long-forgotten art of doing nothing.
And if you want more, there are gentle and enriching options. A pottery workshop. A thermal bath in the valley. A slow-paced visit to a museum where a Quechua woman weaves stories with threads.
Return Train: 2 hours from Aguas Calientes to Ollantaytambo + 1 hour 30 minutes by vehicle to Cusco
Optional Activities: San Pedro market, accessible museums, and workshops
Recommendation: avoid intense walks after the trip, stay hydrated
Machu Picchu is not a place to conquer. It’s a place you reach when you’re ready. That’s why this itinerary doesn’t rush or demand—it accompanies. It’s designed for those who know that dreams don’t have expiration dates, and that true luxury is having the time to live things well.
If you’re interested, we’ll be ready to create a personalized package just for you. At CuscoPeru.com, we believe in more happy travelers because we know the most important story isn’t the one told by monuments, but the one lived by the traveler who walks among them.
If you're planning to hike the Inca Trail, you’ll need to book 3 to 4 months in advance. For classic entry tickets, at least 2 weeks before your visit is recommended.
Machu Picchu has limited capacity, so booking ahead is key. You can do it in two ways:
At CuscoPeru.com, we specialize in private itineraries to Machu Picchu. We handle every detail (tickets, transport, certified guide) so you don’t have to worry about a thing — just enjoy the journey. Feel free to contact us for more info.
Do you prefer an epic hike or a comfortable train ride? Choose the path that matches your travel style. Even if you’re a beginner, the Short Inca Trail (2 days) is a fantastic way to live the experience without too much physical demand. And if you want to fully embrace the path of the ancient Incas, the Classic Trail (4 days) is absolutely unforgettable.
Whatever you choose, go with a professional guide — it makes all the difference.
Altitude sickness — or soroche — can affect anyone. Ideally, spend 2 to 3 days in Cusco or the Sacred Valley before your visit. Avoid alcohol, drink plenty of water, and take it easy the first few days.
Less is more, but the essentials are non-negotiable. Remember: large backpacks (over 40x35x20 cm) are not allowed inside Machu Picchu.
A one-day visit is possible, but it might feel rushed. Ideally, plan to spend 2 or 3 days in the area — especially if you want to climb Huayna Picchu or Machu Picchu Mountain, or simply unwind in Aguas Calientes after your trek.
Inti Raymi (June 24) is a magical time to visit Cusco, but be prepared for high demand and peak prices.
Bring both. In Aguas Calientes, many businesses accept cards, but local stalls, artisans, or trail snacks usually require cash in soles.
Tipping isn’t mandatory, but if you enjoyed the service, the norm is 60 to 100 soles per person — roughly 10% of the tour price.
At the heart of Machu Picchu lies the Sacred Plaza, where the Incas held important ceremonies. From here, you’ll get a stunning view of the Temple of the Three Windows, one of the most iconic spots on the entire route.
Want to experience Machu Picchu without the hassle? Let CuscoPeru.com handle the logistics. Our tours are fully organized — we’re with you from the very first step to the summit. With certified guides, entry tickets, train rides, accommodation, and all the magic included, we’ll help you experience Machu Picchu the way it was meant to be.
Circuit 2 is the most requested entrance to Machu Picchu by visitors, as it is the most complete option and allows you to explore the interior of the Inca citadel. This circuit is divided into two very similar routes that offer a comprehensive tour of Machu Picchu, including the classic postcard photo.
Although it allows you to take the iconic postcard photo, it does not include a full walk through the Guardian’s House area, only a brief stop to capture the moment. However, you will be able to visit most of the temples located in the urban sector. The tour lasts approximately 3 hours.
Since Circuit 2 is the most complete option, it is also the most popular among visitors. Although it offers 10 entrance groups, tickets often sell out up to 3 months in advance. If you were unable to secure this circuit, here are other alternatives based on your preferences.
Circuit 3 is ideal for those who wish to explore the interior of the Inca citadel; however, it does NOT allow you to take the classic postcard photo of Machu Picchu. This circuit is divided into four sub-routes that allow you to visit different areas around Machu Picchu.
| Circuit 2 | Circuit 3 | |
|---|---|---|
| Routes |
Route 2-A, Designed Classic Route 2-B, Lower Terrace |
Route 3-A + Huayna Picchu Mountain Route 3-B, Designed Royalty Route 3-C + Great Cavern Route 3-D + Huchuy Picchu Mountain |
| Classic postcard photo | Yes | No |
| Advance booking time | 3 months | 1 month |
Circuit 1 allows you to walk through the Guardian’s House sector and capture the classic postcard photo of Machu Picchu. This circuit is divided into four sub-routes that allow you to visit areas outside the Inca citadel. The tour lasts approximately 40 minutes.
| Circuit 2 | Circuit 1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Routes |
Route 2-A, Designed Classic Route 2-B, Lower Terrace |
Route 1-A + Machu Picchu Mountain Route 1-B, Upper Terrace Route 1-C + Intipunku Gate Route 1-D + Inca Bridge |
| Classic postcard photo | Yes | Yes |
| Advance booking time | 3 months | 1 month |
We know that planning your trip and choosing the best circuit can be challenging, so relax — at CuscoPeru.com we take care of everything. All our tours include entrance tickets, train tickets, and bus transportation to Machu Picchu. We guide and assist you so you can enjoy your visit to Machu Picchu without complications. Book now!
Birdwatching is an outdoor activity that consists of observing and studying birds in their natural habitat. This hobby is practiced for leisure and focuses on recognizing the different bird species by their plumage, song, colors, and behaviors.
Although birdwatching is considered a leisure activity, it also helps identify possible changes in the natural environment of the observed species, making it possible to detect problems such as habitat destruction or pollution.
If you are just getting started with birdwatching, it is important to have some basic equipment to make your experience in Machu Picchu more enriching:
The location of Machu Picchu makes it possible to find a wide variety of birds. Within the 37,000 hectares of the Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary, almost 420 different bird species have been recorded to date. However, it is not always possible to spot birds with just a visit to the Inca citadel itself. For this reason, it is recommended to take a hiking route, such as the Inca Trail, where observing birds is much easier.
The black-and-chestnut eagle (Spizaetus isidori) is considered one of the most imposing and majestic birds inhabiting the Machu Picchu Sanctuary. This bird of prey has dark plumage with chestnut markings on its chest.
In its habitat, it can usually be seen perched high in the trees in search of prey. Its sharp vision allows it to detect animals from great distances, while its agile flight gives it an undeniable advantage.
The population of this species declined due to indiscriminate hunting. However, it is still possible to spot them in the Machu Picchu natural reserve and occasionally soaring above the Inca citadel.
The black-chested buzzard-eagle (Geranoaetus polyosoma) is easier to spot in the Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary during winter, as it migrates to the area. It can be identified by its mottled brown plumage.
This bird of prey finds Machu Picchu to be an ideal hunting ground. Its keen eyesight allows it to locate rodents and small prey with ease, even through the dense fog of the reserve. Although it is possible to see them flying over the citadel of Machu Picchu, they are more commonly found hunting deeper within the forest.
The Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) is one of Peru’s most iconic birds, regarded as the ruler of the Andes due to its massive size and majestic presence. Its dark plumage and impressive flight made it a national symbol of Peru, as well as an important figure in Andean mythology and history.
These birds inhabit mountainous areas with strong wind currents that allow them to soar effortlessly. With some luck, you may spot an Andean condor flying around the Inca citadel, but sightings are more likely along the higher points of the Inca Trail.
The Masked Fruiteater (Pipreola pulchra) is an endemic bird of the Andes, found in the Vilcabamba mountain range, which also encompasses the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu.
It is a small, plump, green bird. Males usually have an orange bill and a yellow-orange collar, while females are completely green with a dull orange bill. It is commonly found in the middle levels of the humid forest, where fruit trees are abundant, serving as its main source of food.
The Andean Cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruviana) is recognized as the national bird of Peru and is considered one of the most beautiful birds in the world. Its body is covered with black feathers, its wings have a grayish tone, and its most distinctive feature is the head plumage: in males, it is a bright orange, while in females it is a duller orange, leaning more towards brown.
They are considered important seed dispersers of fruit trees, their main source of food, making them a vital part of the Machu Picchu Sanctuary ecosystem. Currently, it is estimated that only about 3,000 individuals remain, which makes their conservation critically important.
The Masked Trogon (Trogon personatus) inhabits the cloud forest of Machu Picchu and plays a key role as a seed disperser, as it feeds on fruits still found on trees. It can often be spotted near Aguas Calientes, the town closest to Machu Picchu.
This bird has black plumage, a red chest, and a black tail with white tips on the feathers. Males have iridescent green head plumage and a black mask around the eyes, while females have a brown head, a black mask, and a distinctive white ring around the eyes.
Andean Cock-of-the-rock
The Andean Motmot (Momotus aequatorialis) inhabits forested areas at the edge of the subtropical zone, such as the Machu Picchu Sanctuary. They are usually found in pairs, although they can also be seen alone, and are sometimes spotted in more frequented areas.
This bird is omnivorous, feeding on small vertebrates such as frogs or lizards, as well as fruits. The Andean Motmot is distinguished by its song, as they often perform duets, combining their calls into a rapid series of notes.
The Andean Guan (Penelope montagnii) is a bird very similar to a domestic hen; however, it is only found in the Andean jungle. Both males and females share the same dark brown plumage with white streaks, along with bluish-gray eye rings.
This bird inhabits cloud forests and humid woodlands, spending most of its time in small groups among the trees, where it feeds on ants, fruits, and wild berries. Its population has been slightly affected by deforestation and hunting.
The Green-and-white Hummingbird (Elliotomyia viridicauda) is an endemic species of the Peruvian Andes, found in tropical, humid, and forested regions. In Peru, it ranges from Huánuco to Cusco, specifically within the Machu Picchu Sanctuary. These hummingbirds are sedentary, feeding mainly on nectar from flowers and shrubs, as well as on small insects.
The Collared Inca (Coeligena torquata) can be found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. They typically inhabit temperate and cloud forests such as those in the Machu Picchu Sanctuary. Their diet consists of flower nectar along with small insects.
These birds undergo a molting process that marks their passage into adulthood. Males are black or greenish-black, with a striking blue crown on their heads and a white chest. Females, on the other hand, have golden tones on their heads and lack the crown.
Collared Inca Hummingbird
The Blue-and-Yellow Tanager (Thraupis bonariensis) is a species that can be observed in the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu. Its plumage differs between males and females: males display a bright blue on the head and back, contrasted with a striking yellow belly, while females show the same colors but in a more subdued tone.
Its diet consists mainly of fruits, insects, and seeds, which contributes to seed dispersal and pest control in its natural habitat, helping to maintain both insect population balance and vegetation regeneration. They are commonly sighted in areas of dense vegetation.
The Spotted Tanager (Tangara varia) is one of the most colorful and fascinating birds found in the surroundings of Machu Picchu, Peru. Its plumage is a true spectacle of colors, ranging from bright green to blue, sprinkled with black spots, making it easily identifiable and highly attractive to birdwatchers.
Regarding its diet, the Spotted Tanager feeds on a varied range of fruits, nectar, and small insects, thus contributing to both pest control and the pollination of various plants. This diverse diet plays a crucial role in maintaining the biodiversity of the Andean ecosystem.
Parodi’s Hemispingus (Kleinothraupis parodii) is an endemic bird of the Peruvian Andean forests, including the areas surrounding Machu Picchu. Its plumage is discreet yet elegant, with shades of gray and olive green, and a distinctive black band around the eyes that gives it a masked appearance.
Its diet mainly consists of insects and small fruits, making it a key ally in pest control and seed dispersal. This varied diet is essential for maintaining biodiversity and the health of mountain ecosystems.
The Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanager (Anisognathus igniventris) is a true avian jewel found in the surroundings of Machu Picchu. Its plumage is stunning, with a brilliant blue back and a vibrant scarlet belly, creating a striking contrast that makes this bird an unmistakable visual spectacle.
This tanager’s diet includes mainly fruits, insects, and nectar, which makes it an important seed disperser and pollinator in its mountain habitat. By consuming a wide variety of food, it helps maintain the ecological balance and overall health of the Andean forests.
The Golden-collared Tanager (Iridosornis jelskii) is one of the most striking birds inhabiting the surroundings of Machu Picchu, Peru. Its plumage is a show of vivid colors, featuring a bright blue back and a distinctive yellow collar across the throat, which contrasts beautifully with its grayish chest and olive-green details.
This tanager feeds primarily on fruits, insects, and nectar, playing a crucial role in seed dispersal and the pollination of various plants.
Within the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, there are several key spots for birdwatching. These not only offer greater opportunities to observe bird species but also allow you to capture better photos.
The Sun Gate is one of the main birdwatching spots. From here, you can enjoy a panoramic view of the Inca citadel of Machu Picchu and its surroundings. However, access to Intipunku is only available during the high season (June–October), and tickets must be booked at least three months in advance.
Huayna Picchu, the iconic peak that appears in the classic postcard photo of Machu Picchu, is another favorite for birdwatchers. Along the trail to the summit, you’ll be surrounded by lush vegetation. Access is limited to a small number of visitors, allowing you to take your time and fully enjoy birdwatching.
Machu Picchu Mountain is larger than Huayna Picchu, which makes it home to a greater variety of birds throughout the hike. However, since the path is wider, bird sightings may be less frequent. It is recommended to start the hike as early as possible to increase your chances of seeing birds.
The Inca Trail is by far the best place for birdwatching. Along its route, you’ll encounter a diversity of altitudes, climates, and vegetation, creating ideal habitats for many species. Out of the 400 bird species found in the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, around 200 can be spotted along the Inca Trail alone.
When photographing birds in Machu Picchu, keep these essential tips in mind:
The best time for birdwatching and photography in Machu Picchu is at sunrise during the dry season. With fewer chances of rain, birds leave their shelters earlier, making them easier to spot.
Familiarize yourself with your camera and gear. Knowing both their strengths and limitations will help you make the most of your equipment and avoid missing an incredible shot.
No. Tripods of any kind are prohibited in the Inca citadel.
Yes, binoculars are allowed and can be extremely useful for spotting birds. While carrying them may be a bit inconvenient, they will greatly enhance your birdwatching and photography experience.
There are 3 main activities to do at this place:
The Manuel Chávez Ballón Museum is named in honor of its founder, Manuel Chávez Ballón, a well-known historian and explorer. In the early 1960s, thanks to the efforts of historian Manuel Chávez, the construction of the Site Museum was carried out.
This museum began with the exhibition of Inca archaeological samples and cultural material found in the Machu Picchu sanctuary, without considering their historical function. In the year 2000, the way the objects were presented to the public was restructured, considering their historical value and including thorough archaeological research on the objects.
Thus, on July 25, 2005, the museum reopened its doors and the current Manuel Chávez Ballón Museum was inaugurated, named in honor of its founder.
He was born on June 12, 1919, in Puno. In his adolescence, he guided Luís E. Valcárcel and Julio César Tello to reach Pucara, an expedition that would mark his vocation. He studied pedagogy at the Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, where in 1942 he joined the Southern Peru Archaeological Expedition as a delegate of that university, an expedition led by Dr. Julio C. Tello, during which Wiñaywayna was discovered.
He was appointed National Visitor of Archaeological Monuments in 1963 and three years later became the Resident Archaeologist of the Machu Picchu Archaeological Complex, where he managed the construction of the site museum of the Inca citadel. In 1977, he founded the professional career of archaeology and at the same time founded the "Talle Inka" where he also taught. He died on June 12, 2000, in his workshop.
The Manuel Chávez Ballón Museum is located at Km 112 on the way up to the Machu Picchu citadel, about 5 minutes by bus and about 30 minutes walking from Aguas Calientes - Machu Picchu Pueblo.
The museum's opening hours are from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday to Sunday.
The entrance can be purchased at the museum entrance at the following prices:
| Price in soles | Price in dollars | |
|---|---|---|
| Adult | S/. 22 | 7 USD |
| University student | S/. 11 | 4 USD |
| School student (8 to 17 years) | S/. 8 | 3 USD |
Although Machu Picchu Mountain is more extensive in terms of distance and higher at its summit, it is much easier to hike than "Huayna Picchu" mountain, as it offers wider and less steep trails.
The trail on Machu Picchu Mountain was heavily used by the Incas, mainly for military purposes, because it offers a 360-degree view of the valley surrounding the Machu Picchu citadel, ideal for early warnings against potential invasions from neighboring cultures.
Today, it’s a popular option within the Machu Picchu archaeological park and receives hundreds of visitors daily..
Machu Picchu Mountain sits south of the Machu Picchu citadel and reaches an elevation of 3,082 m.
To access the mountain, purchase the Circuit 1 — Machu Picchu Mountain Route ticket. It includes a visit to the citadel’s upper sector, where you’ll enjoy panoramic views of the main Inca structures and can take the classic postcard photo from the Guardhouse lookout. This ticket also grants access to Machu Picchu Mountain.
If you’d like to experience this mountain, you can book the Machu Picchu Mountain Tour with us and enjoy a unique experience in this impressive place.
The trail to the summit of Machu Picchu Mountain is less challenging than the Huayna Picchu trail. The path is wider and less steep.
It’s the largest mountain surrounding the Machu Picchu citadel. Along the way you’ll be surrounded by nature, with a less demanding trek that’s perfect for families with young children and adventurous travelers of all ages.
Expect mild weather: cooler mornings and warmer midday. During the rainy season, it’s often cloudy with light showers.
Typical temperatures range from 18–20 °C (highs) and 7–10 °C (lows). Because it’s higher, nighttime temperatures on exposed sections can drop to −3 °C.
The best time to climb is the dry season (April–October), when rain is less frequent and the trek is easier..
There are no archaeological sites along the route; however, the trail is surrounded by abundant flora, and you can spot many orchids, among 400+ species recorded in the area.
Likewise, you’re more likely to encounter local fauna: the quieter path is favored by hummingbirds, and you’ll often see countless butterflies.
Maximum capacity is 400 visitors per day, divided into two groups of 200. It’s recommended to book your ticket about 1 month in advance.
First Group
Second Group
Purchase the Circuit 1 — Machu Picchu Mountain Route ticket in advance.
This ticket includes entry to the Machu Picchu citadel (upper sector) and to Machu Picchu Mountain. It allows you to reach the mountain’s summit and visit the upper part of Machu Picchu, where you’ll enjoy views of the main Inca structures and can take the classic postcard photo from the Guardhouse. Estimated duration: about 4 hours (round-trip).
Here’s a side-by-side comparison to help you choose:
| Differences | Huayna Picchu Mountain | Machu Picchu Mountain |
|---|---|---|
| Location | To the north of the Machu Picchu citadel | To the south of the Machu Picchu citadel |
| Altitude | 2,693 meters above sea level | 3,082 meters above sea level |
| Distance | 2 kilometers, elevation 290 meters | 2 kilometers, elevation 200 meters |
| Hiking time | 3 hours (round trip) | 4 hours (round trip) |
| Access | Huayranas Sector | Guardian's House Junction |
| Schedules |
|
|
| Number of visitors | 325 people per day | 250 people per day |
| Circuit | Circuit 3 - Waynapicchu Route | Circuit 1 - Machu Picchu Mountain Route |
| Re-entry | Does not allow re-entry to the citadel | Allows re-entry to the citadel |
| Archaeological attractions | Terraces and Temple of the Moon | None |
| Restrictions | Only for those over 12 years old | For all audiences |
| Difficulty | Medium-High | Medium |
It’s one of the mountains surrounding the citadel. It rarely appears in the classic postcard photo, so it’s less well-known.
Dry season (April–October): less rain and clearer views.
On the south side of the Machu Picchu citadel.
Yes, booking about 3 months in advance is recommended to secure your date.
The approximate time is 4 hours for the ascent and descent.
No age limit; children under 12 must be accompanied by an adult.
Yes, buy a ticket that includes Machu Picchu + Machu Picchu Mountain.
Only poles with rubber tips are allowed; ideally, don’t bring them, as some sections are easier with hands free.
Yes. The trail is gentler and suitable for all ages.
Aguas Calientes or Machu Picchu Town is the nearest village to the World Wonder. Located just 25 minutes by bus from the Inca citadel, it becomes the main access route to the Machu Picchu Sanctuary.
The town of Aguas Calientes began as a small railway camp known as Maquinachayoq, for the construction of the railway line that would connect Cusco with Santa Ana (a district in the province of La Convención). To this camp were added families dedicated to agriculture, forming a small town in the year 1901. When the railway was completed in 1931, the population settled in the area.
Aguas Calientes owes its name to the hot springs it possesses. Being a stop before reaching Machu Picchu, it offers several tourist attractions that very few know about.
The village of Aguas Calientes is located 112 Km northeast of the city of Cusco, at an altitude of 2,040 m. It is situated on the banks of the Urubamba River (which crosses the entire Sacred Valley of the Incas), surrounded by vegetation typical of the high jungle. This village belongs to the province of Urubamba, department of Cusco.
The village of Aguas Calientes is located 3h 30m from the city of Cusco (1h 30m by bus and 2h by train).
The citadel of Machu Picchu is 10Km away from the village of Aguas Calientes. Approximately 25 minutes away by bus.
The climate is warm-temperate (being high jungle) and very humid. Its temperature is around 16 °C to 20 °C. It is delimited by two seasons: rainy season and dry season.
To reach the village of Aguas Calientes, there are various options.
Upon arriving at this magical village we can appreciate how welcoming it is. Machu Picchu Village has many attractions that one can enjoy while visiting or before ascending to the Inca citadel.
Located at the end of Av. Hermanos Ayar, there is a spring from which hot waters flow, with a temperature ranging between 38 °C and 45 °C. This place is favored by visitors seeking to relax amidst nature, before or after their visit to Machu Picchu. The village of Aguas Calientes owes its name precisely to this site.
Putucusi, which comes from Quechua meaning “Happy Mountain,” is one of the mountains surrounding the citadel of Machu Picchu. The visit to this mountain is completely free, and its route begins in the same village. The path is the most challenging (even more so than the ascent to Huayna Picchu Mountain). In a certain section, you must climb using a rope and very steep wooden steps.
The Mandor Gardens located 4 km from the village of Aguas Calientes, approximately 1h walk. It is a natural area full of vegetation that features a waterfall with a drop of about 15m. This place is not only incredible for its natural beauty, but also because it helps in the preservation of hundreds of species of flora and fauna in the area. This site also offers a place for camping to fully enjoy the location.
The Butterfly House of Aguas Calientes is a must-stop before or after visiting Machu Picchu. This fantastic place studies approximately 300 species of butterflies from the area. Located on the banks of the Urubamba River, this space not only houses butterflies but also important flora for their development.
As an initiative of the local government, about 37 stone sculptures were constructed throughout the village, known as “Stone Chronicles”. The stone carving was performed by Cusco artists to beautify the village, all with Andean themes, no ticket is needed as it is visible to all visitors, in the square and main streets of the village.
The “Manuel Chávez Ballón” site museum (a Peruvian explorer who worked in Machu Picchu) features Inca ceramics and tools found in excavations at Machu Picchu. This place reopened its doors in July 2005.
It is located on the way from Aguas Calientes to Machu Picchu, about 30 minutes walk, open daily from 9am to 4pm. To enter this place, you require a ticket that you can obtain online.
The dry season is the best time to visit Aguas Calientes, spanning from April to October, during which the chances of rain are lower.
To get to Aguas Calientes, you need to go to a train station, usually the Ollantaytambo station, which is 1h by bus from Cusco; from there, it's a 2h train journey to Aguas Calientes.
Due to its warm temperate climate during the day, light clothing is recommended. However, temperatures can drop at night, so a warm jacket is necessary. Waterproof clothing is also recommended as rain can come unexpectedly at any time of the day.
To avoid altitude sickness, it is advisable to have a gradual acclimatization upon arriving in the city of Cusco and complement this with a light diet, as this can increase the risk of suffering from this condition. This process should not last more than 2 days.
Huayna Picchu (Wayna Picchu) stands at 2,667 meters on the north side of the Machu Picchu citadel. The trail to the summit is challenging, with narrow, steep stretches and stone stairways carved into the rock.
This hike is not recommended for those with vertigo, for children under 12, or for older adults.
In Quechua, “wayna” means “young” and “picchu” means “mountain,” so Huayna Picchu translates as “Young Mountain.” It’s often framed as the counterpart to Machu Picchu, “Old Mountain.”
The name contrasts the two peaks, with Huayna Picchu being smaller; in most iconic photos, Huayna Picchu is the prominent peak in the background.
Huayna Picchu lies north of Machu Picchu at 2,667 meters, within the Andes. Its base is encircled by the Urubamba River, which runs through the Sacred Valley of the Incas.
To access this mountain, purchase the “Circuit 3 (Lower Section) + Huayna Picchu” ticket. It includes entry to the Machu Picchu citadel and Huayna Picchu, plus visits to the Inca House, Temple of the Sun, Water Mirrors, the agricultural area, and the Sacred Rock (lower/urban sector only).
The ascent is strenuous: expect narrow ledges, steep switchbacks, and sections of stairs carved directly into the mountainside.
Along the way you’ll pass through lush vegetation and, with luck, spot wildlife in its natural habitat.
Weather is often clear during the day, with strong winds at altitude. In the rainy season it can be cloudy with light showers.
Daytime highs range from 19°C to 21°C, with lows from 8°C to 11°C; at night it can drop to 0°C.
The best time to climb is the dry season (April–October), when rain is infrequent, trails are less slippery, and views of the citadel are usually clearer.
The Temple of the Moon is one of the most remarkable structures in the Machu Picchu complex. Known as the hidden gem of Machu Picchu, it sits inside a natural cave on the slopes of Huayna Picchu, nearly 1 km below the summit. It sees fewer visitors due to its remoteness and the demanding trail.
Entry times are organized in groups of up to 50 people, with a daily capacity of 325 visitors.
First Group
Second Group
Third Group
Fourth Group
Purchase the “Machu Picchu + Huayna Picchu” ticket in advance (combo).
The “Circuit 3 (Lower Section) + Huayna Picchu” option includes entry to Machu Picchu and Huayna Picchu, access to the summit of Huayna Picchu, and a visit to the lower/urban sector of Machu Picchu, including the Inca House, Temple of the Sun, Water Mirrors, the agricultural area, and the Sacred Rock. Estimated visit duration: approximately 3 hours.
Here’s a side-by-side comparison to help you choose:
| Differences | Huayna Picchu Mountain | Machu Picchu Mountain |
|---|---|---|
| Location | To the north of the Machu Picchu citadel | To the south of the Machu Picchu citadel |
| Altitude | 2,693 meters above sea level | 3,082 meters above sea level |
| Distance | 2 kilometers, elevation 290 meters | 2 kilometers, elevation 200 meters |
| Hiking time | 3 hours (round trip) | 4 hours (round trip) |
| Access | Huayranas Sector | Guardian's House Junction |
| Schedules |
|
|
| Number of visitors | 325 people per day | 250 people per day |
| Circuit | Circuit 3 - Waynapicchu Route | Circuit 1 - Machu Picchu Mountain Route |
| Re-entry | Does not allow re-entry to the citadel | Allows re-entry to the citadel |
| Archaeological attractions | Terraces and Temple of the Moon | None |
| Restrictions | Only for those over 12 years old | For all audiences |
| Difficulty | Medium-High | Medium |
It’s the peak that appears in most Machu Picchu photos.
On the north side of the citadel; it’s the peak in the classic postcard view.
In Quechua, “wayna” = “young” and “picchu” = “mountain,” so it translates as “Young Mountain.”
Yes, book about 6 months in advance to secure your preferred date.
About US$55 per person.
Around 3 hours round-trip.
Minimum age: 12, mainly due to the steep trail.
Not dangerous, but challenging—some sections require extra caution.
Yes, get a ticket that includes Machu Picchu + Huayna Picchu.
Only poles with rubber tips. Ideally, don’t bring them—you’ll want your hands free for some sections.
Yes, guides are available, but hiring one is optional.
Machu Picchu is a must-visit for anyone arriving in Cusco. However, it is not just its rich cultural heritage that makes it attractive, but also its impressive biodiversity.
The flora and fauna found in the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu have become another spectacular attraction for all tourists.
The citadel of Machu Picchu covers an area of more than 32,592 hectares, where the Andes Mountains and the tropical jungle converge. With an altitude ranging between 2,000 m and 6,000 m, it facilitates the creation of microclimates, making its grand biodiversity possible.
The biodiversity present in Machu Picchu is of global importance, as its conservation involves protecting various habitats, each with an immense variety of flora and fauna species.
The conservation area of the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu holds an immense amount of biodiversity. It houses approximately 20% of Peru's total flora and 12% of the national fauna.
This remarkable diversity makes Machu Picchu an ecosystem of vital importance for the study and conservation of Peruvian biodiversity.
The diversity of flora present in the citadel of Machu Picchu includes almost 3,400 different species, approximately 20% of those present throughout the national territory, reaffirming the importance of this protected area.
Among the most notable flora species are orchids, carnations, ferns, puyas, angel trumpets, molles, cedars, queñuales, among others.
Orchids (Orchidaceae) are plants that stand out for their extraordinary beauty, colors, and fragrances, making them the main attraction in terms of flora.
Approximately 400 species of orchids have been found within the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, and it is believed that there are still undiscovered species.
The destruction of their habitat, caused by forest fires and indiscriminate extraction by illegal traders, has led to a significant decrease in the number of species.
Machu Picchu hosts a wide variety of trees and shrubs that contribute to the biodiversity and ecological balance of the region. Among the abundant vegetation, the following stand out:
The richness of fauna in the citadel of Machu Picchu is impressive, with more than 582 species of animals, mostly endemic. Among these, nearly 300 species of butterflies can only be found in the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu.
Among the most emblematic fauna species are the spectacled bear, the Andean cock-of-the-rock, various species of hummingbirds, the puma, the Andean fox, the taruca, and a wide variety of reptiles and amphibians.
The spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) or Ukumari is one of the most representative animals of the area. It has black fur with markings around its eyes that look like glasses (hence its name).
It inhabits the dense forests of the Inca citadel. It has a pollinating function within the ecosystem; its diet is based on fruits and leaves. They measure approximately 1.80 m tall and weigh between 100 and 175 kg.
Rodents play a very important role in the biodiversity of Machu Picchu. Some of the most notable rodents are:
The Andean cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruvianus) is the national bird of Peru and is emblematic of Machu Picchu. The plumage of the males, with intense red and orange colors, contrasts with the lush green of the cloud forests, enhancing their beauty.
This bird feeds on fruits and seeds and lives in small groups of no more than 20 individuals, fulfilling a seed-dispersing function.
Among the diversity of birds found in the Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, a wide variety of hummingbirds can be observed. During a visit to the citadel, several birds can be seen flying among the vegetation, displaying an impressive array of colors.
These small birds have a vital pollinating function in maintaining biodiversity by transporting pollen and ensuring the reproduction of many native plants.
Machu Picchu is one of the places with the greatest variety of butterflies, enriching the biodiversity of the sanctuary. More than 400 species have been identified only in the Sanctuary of Machu Picchu.
Each of them contributes to pollination and maintaining local flora, which gives them greater importance.
The Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu houses a great amount of biodiversity, among which are several endangered species that require urgent conservation actions. The most notable among them are:
These species are not only vital for the ecological balance of Machu Picchu but also form part of Peru's rich natural heritage. Their protection is of utmost importance, not only to preserve the beauty of Machu Picchu but also to maintain the ecosystem.
Happy passengers
